Continuation of the Anfal operations after the acceptance of Resolution 598 and the ceasefire between Iran and Iraq.
On August 8, 1988, United Nations Security Council Resolution 598, unanimously adopted on July 20, 1987, was implemented with Iran’s agreement. It called for an immediate ceasefire between Iran and Iraq, the return of prisoners to their homeland, and the retreat of the Iranian regime. Both sides’ international borders in this resolution requested the Secretary-General to send a team of observers to monitor the ceasefire. This resolution ended all military operations between the two countries and the Iran-Iraq war. Both sides retreated to their designated borders, and the war ended. However, after the ceasefire, from August to early September, Iraq continued the operations of Anfal 5, 6, and 7, which had started on May 15.
On August 25, Badinan, using more than 60,000 troops, helicopters, and chemical weapons, attacked 40 villages. During the eighth or final Anfal, they arrested, disappeared, and massacred 13,553 civilians. In addition to injuring hundreds with chemical weapons, thousands of Kurds were forced to migrate to Turkey. On September 6, 1988, the anti-Kurdish campaign under the general amnesty called Anfal ended.
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